The US Navy’s USS Cincinnati littoral fight ship (LCS) arrives for a port name on the Ream Naval base, situated in Cambodia’s southern coast in Preah Sihanouk province, on January 24, 2026. A minimum of three vessels of the identical class have been outfitted for mine-clearing operations.
Suy Se/AFP/Getty Pictures
cover caption
toggle caption
Suy Se/AFP/Getty Pictures
Within the ongoing conflict with the US and Israel, Iran has been threatening to mine the very important Strait of Hormuz, with stories suggesting it might have already positioned gadgets within the slim delivery chokepoint. It has set the stage for a potential complicated and dangerous U.S. Navy operation to reopen the waterway utilizing new mine-clearing expertise.
On Tuesday, Protection Secretary Pete Hegseth mentioned the U.S. was taking steps to reopen the Strait of Hormuz, however didn’t say what measures have been being taken. The U.S. Fifth Fleet based mostly in Bahrain has additionally posted video displaying strikes towards Iran’s navy, together with what it says are minelaying vessels.
Mines pose a big risk to the tankers and different business delivery vessels that move via the Strait. They’re additionally a critical hazard to warships. Since World Struggle II, sea mines have precipitated a disproportionate share of injury to U.S. Navy vessels — sinking or crippling 15 of them, greater than from all different weapons mixed. These incidents embrace three U.S. warships broken by sea mines within the Persian Gulf since 1988 that injured dozens of sailors.
Regardless of the hazard, nevertheless, mine warfare — which encompasses each the deployment and clearance of naval mines — has obtained minimal consideration and funding from the Navy, overshadowed by higher-profile weapons programs, based on maritime safety skilled Scott C. Truver.
Funding for mine warfare accounts for “lower than 1% of the Navy’s whole price range,” he says. Some folks name it a “stepchild of the U.S. Navy,” he says.
Switching to the LCS
Simply as Iranian sea mines are once more a risk within the Persian Gulf, the Navy is within the midst of retiring its older, wooden-hulled Avenger-class ships which have been used because the Nineteen Eighties for minesweeping. They’re being changed by the Independence-class of Littoral Fight Ships (LCS), which depend on unmanned programs and helicopters to seek out and destroy them.
The U.S. “is investing in uncrewed programs to do that mission as an alternative,” based on Bryan Clark, a senior fellow on the Hudson Institute, a center-right suppose tank that focuses on nationwide safety and protection coverage. All of the LCS ships need to do is “stand away from the minefields after which enable their unmanned programs and helicopters to do the finding and mine neutralization,” he says.
However the LCS have suffered from improvement delays, value overruns and different issues which have earned them the epithet “little crappy ship” from critics. A 2022 report from the Authorities Accountability Workplace (GAO) famous “a number of vital challenges” with the LCS, “together with the ship’s capacity to defend itself if attacked and failure charges of mission-essential tools.”
However whether or not the Navy’s substitute is de facto prepared is an open query. Weeks in the past, two Independence-class LCS ships, the united statesSanta Barbara and the united statesTulsa — have been in Singapore.” A 3rd, the USS Canberra, is supplied with mine-countermeasures packages — however can also be in Asia.
Emma Salisbury, a senior fellow on the Overseas Coverage Analysis Institute, says she is “truthfully utterly baffled” as to why the Navy would not have mine-clearing sources close to the Center East at the beginning of the battle. “Having a mine countermeasures functionality that’s not in theater is just not significantly useful,” she says.
NATO allies could also be higher ready than the U.S.
Trump has repeatedly referred to as on NATO allies to supply ships to assist safe the Strait. On Tuesday, Hegseth chastised different nations, making a veiled reference to Britain specifically, for not doing extra. These nations have largely declined to assist.
In the case of mine clearance, “The U.S. Navy is in a little bit of a bind,” Salisbury says. She notes that many European nations are better-equipped for this process than the U.S. Poland, as an example, has greater than two dozen mine-clearing ships in its fleet, and the U.Okay., France and Turkey even have sizable numbers of such vessels.
And in previous many years, the U.S. has turned to those nations for assist: Within the Gulf Struggle and the Iraq conflict, Salisbury says, “The U.S. has relied on European NATO allies to supply mine-clearing functionality.”
In the meantime, the brand new mine searching and clearing system, with the LCS at its core, stays unproven. The MCM package deal, which integrates unmanned floor and underwater automobiles, MH‑60S helicopters, and sonar programs, is designed to detect, establish, and neutralize sea mines — but it surely has but to be demonstrated below real-world situations.
In a report launched in March, the Pentagon’s director of Operational Check and Analysis — the workplace answerable for assessing the effectiveness of navy programs — famous that in fiscal 12 months 2025, the Navy carried out no operational testing of the Independence‑variant Littoral Fight Ship outfitted with the mine countermeasures (MCM) mission package deal. The director added that operational effectiveness “can not decide operational effectiveness … because of inadequate efficiency knowledge.”
Salisbury describes herself as an LCS critic. She says that, at finest, the mine countermeasures expertise on these ships is a query mark. “What worries me is just not essentially can it work a few times, however can it work again and again on the tempo that might be wanted,” if solely LCS ships have been getting used, she says.
A “soiled and harmful” job
Retired Adm. James Foggo, dean of the Middle for Maritime Technique, says previous expertise has proven that mines needs to be one of many Navy’s high priorities. “Mines are usually an uneven weapon,” he says. “Additionally they are usually a poor man’s software to exert stress on bigger, extra highly effective nations.”
Mine clearing is a “soiled and harmful job” that can also be time-consuming, Truver says. A single system can take hours to clear — and within the meantime, “you are primarily standing nonetheless whereas operations are underway.”
“You’re primarily performing managed explosions… for every particular person mine,” Salisbury says. “Your ships are going to be in that harmful space for a very long time.”
Ideally, then, mine-clearance would start after hostilities with Iran finish, Cichon says. However the situations would nonetheless be fraught; he notes that, within the Nineteen Eighties, “minesweepers needed to function whereas business ships and even bigger frigates risked hanging mines.”
Destroying them is only one hurdle, although. Earlier than minesweepers head in, says Foggo, there’ll must be a fight air patrol in place above the Strait. After minesweepers do their work, destroyers could be despatched in to escort oil tankers. If that effort started right this moment, it could nonetheless take a month to get underway, he says.
Trump has insisted that European nations discover a navy technique to open the waterway, addressing them this week: “You may need to learn to combat for your self, the united statesA. will not be there that will help you anymore, identical to you were not there for us,” he mentioned. “Iran has been, primarily, decimated. The arduous half is completed. Go get your individual oil!”
However Europe would not have the navy sources, comparable to plane refueling tankers, or the mandatory naval forces. Any giant navy operation to open the Strait would doubtless require a joint effort, led by the U.S.
If all goes nicely, Foggo says he has “each confidence” that delivery lanes via the Strait could possibly be cleared comparatively shortly. “We’re a really skilled drive. And it is a huge problem,” he acknowledges. “Individuals simply must have strategic and tactical endurance.”
